Saturday, December 9, 2017

Week 14 Philosophy statement

Philosophy Statement (Literacy Autobiography)

  Learning is an endless journey, which leads you from zero to infinity. 

   Most Taiwanese start learning when they are in prenatal phase. It's very popular for mothers reading or playing music during their pregnancy in Taiwan. So did my family. My mother told me those days who liked to listen to the radio, the programs such as music, storytelling or interview when my father went to work. Ironically, it turned out my mother often complained my talkativeness in my childhood. But even so, she believed knowledge was power, my mother still pampered me by buying many used books and reading to my brother and me before every afternoon napping. Now, I am forty-two, I would like to say that period of time brought me so much love and curiosity toward this world, it paved the way for me enjoying the reading.

    But if I reviewed the major moments about learning my own language, it fell on the middle school. All Taiwan students starting from middle school, need to learn Chinese classic literature which extracts from five-thousand-year history. We analyze the constructor, connotation, interpretation, context, and application in which process guides Taiwan students to appreciate literature through the different lens and also inherited our ancestors' philosophy. Honestly, it's painstaking when I memorized them. But now I retrospect, it's how I harvest my fruit. Writing is one of the key elements, Taiwan students usually need to write a diary and essay on a weekly basis. Writing can reflect how much students have grasped from reading. My teacher always encouraged students to pick up some axioms from our memory. Obviously, it formed the cycle which the more students can memorize the more wordings they can utilize. After six-year training, three-year-middle-school plus three-year-high-school,  students upgrade their Chinese language level rapidly. Most people in Taiwan have basic language in terms of famously historic literature and legendary poets.

     Since it's long-time-schooling per day in Taiwan, from seven in the morning to nine o'clock at night (even students can be off school at five, but parents would drive them to afterschool, language center or talent class, etc. For high school or college entry exam, school usually will prolong schooling to nine o'clock automatically for specific graders). To some extent, it's almost impossible for Taiwan students to have reading and writing outside of the classroom.  Their whole lives are packed with academic-related learning during those days, even on summer or winter vacations. Because teachers always assign more homework before the long break to make sure students studying hard. Of course, all students still read non-textbook during summer or Chinese New Year, but sadly, most of reading is part of the assignments. 

      Personally, I did have some time to read whatever I was interested in during summer. Most of the time it happened at midnight after I finish summer homework. I read a variety of genre and purely enjoyed the content when I  didn't have to analyze the plot or connotation. Even now, reading is still one of my hobbies. But the version has been evolving from hard copy to virtual e-book.

      In my generation, the computer was a luxury in most families. I learned the first and the second language from tangible textbooks. Without the sufficient financial support, my process of second language learning staggered for a long time. But during the past decade, along with the understanding and confidence in technology, I have tried many apps or websites to assist my learning. The first step, I listened to radio program from the internet, it provided me the asynchronous choice to improve my listening when I was available. I could also adjust the speaking speed accommodated my level. Next step, I started to read some funny websites, including PBS kids, reader digest. I kept exploring many websites, for instance, YouTube, CNN, VOA, BBC. All of them provide English learning tool for ELLs all over the world. Last year, I downloaded the app called "Duolingo" and started to learn Spanish through this app flexibly. 

In my perspective, language and literacy development are serious. Depending on where you are, why you need, what propose you are after and how you would like people to evaluate your value. However, considering all aspects at the same time would only terrify learners. For example, it's really common when you ask Taiwan students about their English level and they don't know how to express. In their brains, they try to figure out the perfect vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation. And eventually, they have already lost the opportune timing to converse. 

    I don't mean proper vocabulary, correct grammar and beautiful pronunciation are not important. They are the skeleton elements in language and literacy. Human's civilization passes down because of these symbols. Through the language, we can understand the route our ancestors traveled; through the literacy, we can recognize the ways they lived and how they thought.  That can explain that how you use the language also represents your social status. Just like the baby, I believe the language acquisition takes time. From copying, practicing to applying, the process needs encouragement and patience.  But speaking aloud is a positive progress, the output can stimulate learner's input. In the novice phase, teachers should bear in mind that speaking with confidence is as important as high-level vocabulary and correct grammar. 

    Having Chinese-teaching experience for many years, which makes me always have interest in how my American friends learn Mandarin in Taiwan. Recently, one of them complained about the current teacher's style. He came to Taiwan three years ago, back then, the teacher encouraged students to speak aloud.  Comparing to the former teacher, the present teacher often reminds him to use correct grammar. To the teacher, it's her responsibility, but to my friend, it discourages him from going forward. After hearing the story, I realize that being a teacher, it's difficult but a must-be to balance the teaching strategies. And an experienced teacher always put students' needs and learning objective in the first priority and know how to employ all methods for complying with different level students. 

     For sure that I can identify the ELLs because I am still learning English. It's no doubt writing makes me great strides toward English. Unfortunately, in Taiwan, I progress slowly due to I only write in English when I submit the assignment. Except for the assignment, I write to communicate with others every day, but in Mandarin. I go to language center only to maintain my English speaking and listening. I recognize the importance of writing, but I can't find any other effective means to improve my writing. I assume I should stick to the traditional way-- read more and try to emulate the expression. Hopefully, my English can keep up as well as with my Mandarin. 

     





      





Monday, December 4, 2017

week 13 reflection of article

     It's helpful at the end of this semester I could read this resourceful article, "
Bilingual Education: Effective Programming for Language-Minority Students". It corresponded many ideas which I learned from this course. From the definition of bilingualism, the relationship between language and culture, to the "threshold theory", this article made aware of all teachers instead of bilingual teachers.
     I agreed with the idea of "restructuring can be inclusive of the needs of all children” (Guadarrama 1992, p. 2). As the article pointed out, more and more immigrants coming to the U.S., a positive intention of reforming the curriculum and assessment became more and more crucial. Regarding the assessment, I especially preferred the Portfolio Assessment, It functions not only as a record but also a key element for student self-monitoring.  Besides, teachers should recognize the influence of reading comprehension. Even in the math, the jargon and grammar could be more challenging to ELLs.   
    This article also taught me all immigrants everywhere acculturate to a varying extent and at a different rate. Namely, second language acquisition paralleled the process of acculturation. It correlated the importance of parents participation in schooling as well. Teachers and school districts should rethink the value that immigrants could provide and set the friendly environment to embrace the growth of the immigrant.  In addition, providing an eased learning environment for second-language learner was extraordinarily important, language acquisition occurred when the environment was responsive to the students. Because language development was continuous, teachers should focus on meaning rather than on form and designed more authentic tasks for learners.
    The best part I acknowledged at this article was it provided many tables for comparison or clarification, and checklist for teachers to review the encountering scenario when they would like to ensure a quality bilingual program.

Wednesday, November 22, 2017

week 12 reflection of article

    I agree with the view of researchers in Literacy Instruction for Bilingual Latino Students: Teachers’ Experiences and Knowledge,   "teacher voices and perspectives must be considered in a thoughtful, respectful, and rigorously systematic fashion. "

    From the three sites, Chicago, El Paso, and Washington, DC, I saw some features in common. The bilingual teachers recognize the importance of their role and the influence they radiate to their students. They are unequivocally cultural ambassador to bridge the family, school, community, and society contexts. They have high expectation on their students, but like the article mentioned, the understanding should not only from the trained bilingual teachers, it's better "by teachers from mainstream backgrounds."(p.145)

     The seasoned teachers strive to utilize the proper strategies or materials in their curriculum, instruction, assessment, and home-school relations. I am moved by the efforts that teachers make to upgrade students' bilingual capability. I agree with "writing" is a practical way having students advance their literacy learning slowly but surely. "The song, music, art, drama, dance, and poetry" (p.149) are powerful to up students' motivation, and the passion should last not only in the phase of the beginning but into advanced level. But the bilingual teachers often encounter the dilemma of the shortage of appropriate materials, texts or lessons, which hinders their passion for instruction. Hanging over by the present policy and stereotype from the mainstream is the pressure that many bilingual teachers carry on now.

     From the article, it brings up another facet that extant in-service teachers should consider--assessment. How to understand students' authentic ability is a crucial domain for the educator to adjust the teaching. When teachers make most of the curricular integration, thematic teaching, culturally relevant curriculum realia, hands-on activities and cooperative grouping, it points out the assessment should be more reflective on their various way of comprehension and expressing the understanding.

     The home-school relation is the undeniable element for bilingual students' success.  Three sites have very empirical strategies share with me are getting parents into the classroom and communicating bilingually. The more parents understand, the more they engage. Parents can even emulate the teaching and continue supporting their children at home.

      Teachers are at the frontline in the education system, they face the difficulties every single day. Through their observation and experiences, we can have a more authentic understanding and then solve the problems more accurately.  Just like a jigsaw puzzle, teachers' perspective not only outlines the big picture but also provides clues for other relevant people to evaluate.

Saturday, November 18, 2017

week 11 bilingualism and literacy

Ideally, it's definitely a positive opportunity in terms of bilingualism and literacy issues. Before meeting the recognized achievement, I would like to call it a process instead of a problem even in the U.S., an immigration country, it's an ever-existing scenario.
   This article corresponded to "The Threshold Theory". People could prove the bilinguals have more flexible use of wordings or expressions. Bilinguals make most of their language section in the brain activating all the times when they perfect their both languages.
   But how to define "bilingual"? Do they count reading, writing, speaking and listening, and comprehension in? What factors do influence the proficiency? How to cultivate successful readers no matter which language? In this article, the commissioned researchers tried to discover the essential causes.
   As they mentioned, awareness of sound is important to English learning, then the ability can affect their expansion of vocabulary, finally to assist their comprehension. This long process takes place the earlier the better. The "look-point-name" game can evolve to "face-to-face" language benefitting sign language as well. But, for English learners, the experienced teachers should understand the process of their native language acquisition and properly adjust the order/set of phonics learning, e.g. vowels before consonants rather than vice versa.  In addition, literacy reading is so important on its own and plays a crucial role in other subject areas.  The seasoned teachers should employ students' prior knowledge of the same topics and design meaningful literacy activities, vivid learning environment, and increase parental participation.
   It's a pity that in this article, the researchers couldn't provide adequate information in some dimensions, especially in early and late elementary level. It's crucial for teachers to grip the knowledge because schools/teachers shoulder some responsibilities for students' learning during these periods of time. If teachers can get the collective holistic view of bilinguals' learning process, it can yield well-designed lesson plans with qualified-reading approaches, and effective assessment. And with all research-based information, the policymakers can make more instrumental programs for teachers and districts.

Tuesday, November 7, 2017

Week reflection

   Ideally, it's definitely a positive opportunity in terms of bilingualism and literacy issues. Before meeting the recognized achievement, I would like to call it a process instead of a problem even in the U.S., an immigration country, it's an ever-existing scenario.

   This article corresponded to "The Threshold Theory". People could prove the bilinguals have more flexible use of wordings or expressions. Bilinguals make most of their language section in the brain activating all the times when they perfect their both languages.

   But how to define "bilingual"? Do they count reading, writing, speaking and listening, and comprehension in? What factors do influence the proficiency? How to cultivate successful readers no matter which language? In this article, the commissioned researchers tried to discover the essential causes.

   As they mentioned, awareness of sound is important to English learning, then the ability can affect their expansion of vocabulary, finally to assist their comprehension. This long process takes place the earlier the better. The "look-point-name" game can evolve to "face-to-face" language benefitting sign language as well. But, for English learners, the experienced teachers should understand the process of their native language acquisition and properly adjust the order/set of phonics learning, e.g. vowels before consonants rather than vice versa.  In addition, literacy reading is so important on its own and plays crucial role in other subject areas.  The seasoned teachers should employ students' prior knowledge of the same topics and design meaningful literacy activities, vivid learning environment, and increase parental participation.

   It's a pity that in this article, the researchers couldn't provide adequate information in some dimensions, especially in early and late elementary level. It's crucial for teachers to grip the knowledge because schools/teachers shoulder some responsibilities for students' learning during these periods of time. If teachers can get the collective holistic view of bilinguals' learning process, it can yield well-designed lesson plans with qualified-reading approaches, and effective assessment. And with all research-based information, the policymakers can make more instrumental programs for teachers and districts.

Sunday, October 22, 2017

Read and Write Lesson plans

    After reading the website of NYS bilingual regulations and resources, I learned abundant knowledge about the effort that government provides. Under the regulation "new provisions in CR Part 154", it mentioned,"to finding innovative ways to ensure that ELLs are provided with the services that they need." I incorporated ICT skills into the lessons. 

    Generally speaking, it's very challenging to offer the resources into specific lesson because of lack of documents of students' level. However, I will take some action based on what I learned from the website for lessons.

1. Assessment.  Understanding students' prior knowledge of English as well as their native language. Some students struggle the scenario of below grade level on literacy in both languages.   

During the process, the adviser can get the support of targeted language interpreter from Boards of Cooperative Educational Services (BOCES) to work out it.

2. Assistance. 

a. If the school provide the program "The New York State Seal of Biliteracy (NYSSB)", the school district will provide resources for teaching. Though some schools don't employ the project, "a school can reach out to other schools within the district to let students participate in their NYSSB program" or " Individualized Education Program (IEP)" if the students are qualified. 

b. As the website provided, OBEWL offers ELLs with interrupted/inconsistent formal education (SIFE), e.g. the program "Bridge" can assist students pre-9 lessons and training. And I will try the after-school program to assist them in all below lesson plans.

c. For sufficient work, school districts should adopt the policy on the education of ELLs, plan and provide appropriate services for them, and get fundings through local funds but are supplemented by State LEP Aid, known as State Bilingual Categorical Funds.

d. The teachers can seek resources within the school as well. Article: Co-teaching ELLs: Riding a Tandem Bike indicates promising possibility if the teachers can cooperate well in class. So I will try the "Integrated English as a New Language" idea to assist them in all below lesson plans.

3. Community Collaboration. the teachers can utilize the " English Language Learner/Multilingual Learner Parent Resources" to provide parents or guardians with translated letters, form, guidance to have them know the relevant information, e.g. common core standard, Literary Terms & Devices in English for Language Arts, ACTEL.


     I tried to apply the approaches from the textbook. There are three materials attached and each of them has a reading lesson and writing lesson respectively.

Main Topic: Diverse Food
Grade: 5th
Name: YiYi Chou

First material for reading and writing: Fish Cheeks
For reading lesson,  I would like to apply "Reader-generated Question" approach my class.
For writing lesson, I would like to apply "Drawing as Pre-writing" approach in my class.
Subtopic—What is that food?
Subtopic—What is the representative food in your country?
Learning Objectives:
1.       Students will be able to acquire new vocabulary.
2.      Students will apply the new vocabulary to make the connection to the content.
3.      Students will recognize another country and part of the culture.
Learning Objectives:
1.       Students will review the new vocabulary.
2.      Students will practice communication with peers.
3.      Students will develop writing skill and the influent of multimodality.
Standards:
Standards:
Before the lesson, 
1. Show them the main new vocabulary and the topic we will talk about later. 
2. Allow students have time to understand the new words through the teacher' demonstration or small group discussion.
3. Encourage them to use the new words to generate some questions relate to the topic. It's okay if ELLs just generate question without related words.

During the lesson, 
Read aloud by the teacher via smartboard and remind them to locate the answers responded to their prior questions. Emphasize the new vocabulary when pointing to the word.

After the lesson, 
Pair them to have a discussion. If the content doesn't answer all of their questions, I will take them to the library to consult librarian and have them read relevant books.
Before writing,
1. Make sure students understand the new vocabulary introduced in the reading text. 
2. Prepare blank papers for each student.

During writing,
1. Have students brainstorm on "What food can represent the U.S. or your home country?".
2. Demonstrate how to use text fonts, size, color to convey their ideas.
3. Allow students to draw and write down their ideas. 
4. For struggling students, they have permission to use native language if they need. but the teacher can assist them to reformulate their writing or translate into English.

After writing, 
1. Students can read aloud to the whole class by turn.
2. Post their work on the bulletin board.

Second reading and writing material:
video of 
Americans Try Bizarre European Food
For reading lesson, I would like to apply "Word Cards" approach.
For writing lesson, I will try "Rhetorical Approach" in my class.
Subtopic—Do you dare to eat?
Subtopic—Hyper-time!
Learning Objectives:
1.           Students will be able to acquire new vocabulary.
2.          Students will recognize the connection in the real world.

Learning Objectives:
1.           Students will review the new vocabulary.
2.          Students will practice communication with peers.
3.          Students will develop writing skill and the influent of multimodality.
Standards:

ISTE
3c.Students curate information from digital resources using a variety of tools and methods to create collections of artifacts that demonstrate meaningful connections or conclusions.

Standards:
Before the lesson,

1. Ask students how to describe food, write the answers in index cards respectively. 
2. The teacher can also provide 1-2 strong words to stimulate students.
3. Explain the class will see a video talking about exotic food that they might not experience before. And the main purpose of this video is to expand their vocabulary about food description.
4. hand out the tablet to each student. 
5. Demonstrate how to turn on subtitle if they need.

During the lesson,
2. Allow students to finish watching at their pace.
3. Divide students into the small group. Pass them the handout of the subtitle in the video and ask them to circle the word they are not familiar
4. Have each group read aloud of the list of unfamiliar vocabulary and write them down in index cards respectively.
5. Explain the definitions of the words.

After the lesson,

1. Play the video again, ELLs can check the handout if they need.
2. Put all index cards on the word wall.
3. During the center time, ELLs can copy all vocabulary in their notebook.
4. The teacher can call ELLs to table individually to make sure the process.
Before the lesson,

1. Ask students what they remember from the previous video? Which vocabulary?
2. Review every word. 
3. Tell students they will have a new mission to become a gourmet to introduce the delicacy from Europe. They will have a poster to promote their food in Kindergarten. 
4. Hand them the tablet.

During the lesson,
1. Divide students into the small group.
2. Play the video again and allow each to choose a country.
3. Demonstrate how to adjust the wording from video into promotion.
4. Have them brainstorm and discuss their draft. ELLs can use the native language to contribute their knowledge.
5. Encourage them to revise their draft by themselves.
6. Read aloud the text and invite other students to give feedback.
7. Produce the final work on an A4 paper.

After the lesson,
1. The teacher could stick all copies in a poster. 
2. Post it in the Kindergarten hallway or bulletin board.

For reading part, I would like to try "Cross-Age Project" in my class
For writing part, I will utilize "Process Writing: Computers" in class.
Subtopic—Trick or treat!
Subtopic— I am a connoisseur!
Learning Objectives:
1.       Students will be able to acquire new vocabulary.
2.      Students will be able to apply the communication skill with older students.
3.      Students will recognize the connections in the real world.
4.      Students will develop the capability of reading the recipe and social skills during Halloween.

Learning Objectives:
1.           Students will review and acquire vocabulary.
2.          Students will practice communication with peers.
3.          Students will develop ICT skills, word-process, Google Docs and Blogger.
Standards:
ISTE
3c.Students curate information from digital resources using a variety of tools and methods to create collections of artifacts that demonstrate meaningful connections or conclusions.

Standards:
ISTE
3b. Students build knowledge by actively exploring real-world issues and problems, developing ideas and theories and pursuing answers and solutions.
6aStudents choose the appropriate platforms and tools for meeting the desired objectives of their creation or communication.

Before the lesson,

1. Invite older ELLs to the class (they have gotten cross-age project training already)
2. Introduce "tutors" to the whole class.
3. Announce the Halloween is around the corner so we will try some treats!
4. Divide students into the three groups and make sure each group with the tutor(s).

During the lesson,
1. Hand them treat recipe respectively.
2. Encourage them to read together and circle the unfamiliar vocabulary. 
3. The teacher can assist each group to make sure they understand the words and process.
4. Assign them to prepare the ingredients for the next week "cooking activity".

After the lesson (follow up activity), 
Allow students to realize their recipe and share with other classmates.

Before the lesson,

1. Stimulate students to recall the experience about the "Halloween treats". 
2. Share them a specific term called connoisseurs, and what they do in culinary industry.
3. Tell students they will become one-day-connoisseur, and they need to write down reflection or feedback about the treat.

During the lesson,
1. Have the whole class brainstorm on the treats in the views of appearance, smell, taste, texture, preparation, and preservation. (If they are really interested, they can check website, like https://www.zomato.com/thefoodconnoisseur)
2. Demonstrate them how to use Google Docs. 
3. Encourage them to type in computers. Students can edit and revise their draft anytime. ELLs can use their native language to work.
4. The teacher can assist ELLs for their writing by recalling the vocabulary from recipes or revise their grammar and punctuation individually.

After the lesson,
The teacher can create the class Blogger and upload the writing for the public. Students and their family can continue giving feedback through the Blogger. 


Week 14 Philosophy statement

Philosophy Statement  (Literacy Autobiography)   Learning is an endless journey, which leads you from zero to infinity.     Most Ta...